What to See in Egypt: Top Attractions

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Have you ever wondered what centuries-old mysteries lie in the land of pharaohs and pyramids? Egypt is not just a chapter from your history book; it’s a treasure trove of awe-inspiring sights and unparalleled experiences. From the iconic Pyramids of Giza and the enigmatic Sphinx to the bustling streets of Cairo and serene banks of the Nile, Egypt’s attractions span the extraordinary. Prepare to embark on a journey through the top places to see in Egypt, revealing the stories behind each monument and site. Dive in and discover why this timeless destination remains a world wonder.

Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx

The Pyramids of Giza, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, are some of the most iconic ancient structures in the world. Built during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, these pyramids are approximately 4,500 years old. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Pyramid of Cheops, is the largest and was originally 146.6 metres tall. The architectural precision and scale of these pyramids showcase the advanced engineering skills and organisational capabilities of ancient Egyptian civilisation. Besides the three main pyramids, the site also includes smaller queen pyramids and various temples, adding to the historical richness of the area.

The Sphinx, a colossal limestone statue with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh, is situated near the pyramids and serves as a guardian of the Giza plateau. It is believed to represent Pharaoh Khafre, whose pyramid stands directly behind it. The Sphinx is an extraordinary example of ancient Egyptian sculpture and mythology, symbolising strength and wisdom. Its enigmatic gaze and monumental size make it one of Egypt’s most enduring symbols and a must-see for visitors to the Giza complex.

• Best times to visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the crowds and heat.
• Ticketing: Purchase tickets in advance online or at the entrance.
• Guided tours: Consider hiring a guide to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of the site.
• Photography: Allowed, but drones are prohibited.
• Wear comfortable shoes: The terrain can be uneven, so sturdy footwear is recommended.

Exploring Cairo: Museums and Historical Sites

The Egyptian Museum, located in Tahrir Square, is a treasure trove of ancient artefacts and a must-see destination for history enthusiasts. Among its key exhibits are the iconic golden mask and sarcophagi of Tutankhamun, which draw visitors from around the globe. Other notable items include the extensive collection of mummies and relics from various dynasties, providing an unparalleled glimpse into ancient Egyptian civilisation. The museum’s vast array of artefacts makes it an essential stop for anyone interested in the rich history of Egypt.

Coptic Cairo and Islamic Cairo offer a contrasting yet complementary experience of the city’s religious and architectural heritage. In Coptic Cairo, the Hanging Church, also known as Saint Virgin Mary’s Coptic Orthodox Church, is a significant site, renowned for its unique architecture and historical importance. Islamic Cairo, on the other hand, boasts the Alabaster Mosque, also known as the Muhammad Ali Mosque, which stands majestically within the Citadel. These areas provide a deeper understanding of Cairo’s diverse religious history and architectural beauty.

For those seeking unique experiences, Khan El Khalili Bazaar is a bustling marketplace where visitors can immerse themselves in traditional Egyptian culture. The bazaar is famous for its vibrant atmosphere, offering a wide range of goods from spices and jewellery to textiles and souvenirs. Additionally, Cairo’s nightlife is vibrant and diverse, with numerous options for enjoying local cuisine and entertainment. From rooftop bars with stunning views of the city to street food stalls offering delicious local delicacies, Cairo provides an array of night-time activities that cater to all tastes.

Attraction	Description
Egyptian Museum	Home to Tutankhamun’s golden mask and extensive mummy collections.
Hanging Church	Renowned for its unique architecture and religious significance in Coptic Cairo.
Alabaster Mosque	Majestic mosque within the Citadel, known for its stunning architecture.
Khan El Khalili Bazaar	Bustling marketplace offering a wide range of traditional goods.
Cairo Nightlife	Diverse options for dining and entertainment, from rooftop bars to street food.
Citadel	Historical fortress offering panoramic views of Cairo and several museums.

Luxor’s Temples and Tombs

Luxor, often referred to as the world’s greatest open-air museum, is a city steeped in ancient history and grandeur. Located on the east bank of the Nile River, Luxor is the site of the ancient city of Thebes, which was the capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom era. The city’s historical importance is underscored by its vast array of temples and tombs that have drawn scholars and tourists alike for centuries. Luxor’s significance lies not only in its monumental structures but also in the rich cultural and religious history they represent.

The Karnak Temple Complex is one of Luxor’s most iconic attractions. Spanning over 2,000 years of construction by approximately 30 pharaohs, this vast complex is dedicated primarily to the god Amun. The site is renowned for its colossal Hypostyle Hall, which features 134 massive columns arranged in 16 rows, creating an awe-inspiring forest of stone. Visitors can also explore the Sacred Lake, the Avenue of Sphinxes, and various obelisks and chapels that provide insight into the architectural prowess and religious practices of ancient Egypt.

The Valley of the Kings, located on the west bank of the Nile, is another cornerstone of Luxor’s historical landscape. This necropolis served as the final resting place for pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom. The valley is home to more than 60 tombs, including the famous tomb of Tutankhamun. Each tomb is intricately decorated with hieroglyphics and paintings that depict the journey of the deceased through the afterlife. The Valley of the Kings offers a glimpse into the elaborate burial customs and beliefs in the afterlife that characterised ancient Egyptian civilisation.

The Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut and Medinet Habu are also significant sites in Luxor. The Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, located at Deir el-Bahari, is a stunning example of ancient Egyptian architecture, with its terraces and colonnades blending seamlessly into the surrounding cliffs. Medinet Habu, the mortuary temple of Ramesses III, is equally impressive, featuring well-preserved reliefs and inscriptions that recount the pharaoh’s military victories and religious ceremonies. Both sites offer invaluable insights into the architectural innovation and historical narratives of their respective eras.

• Best times to visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and crowds.
• Ticketing: Purchase tickets in advance or at the site; some tombs require additional fees.
• Guided tours: Hiring a guide can enhance the experience with detailed historical context.
• Photography: Allowed in most areas, but flash photography is often prohibited.
• Comfortable attire: Wear light, breathable clothing and sturdy shoes for walking.

Nile River Cruises

A traditional Dahabiya boat cruise on the Nile River offers an unparalleled way to experience Egypt’s ancient sites in a tranquil setting. These elegant, wind-powered vessels provide a more intimate and personalised alternative to the larger riverboats. The general route of a Dahabiya cruise typically includes stops at Esna, Edfu, and Kom Ombo, allowing travellers to explore lesser-known yet equally captivating historical sites. The best time for a Nile cruise is between October and April, when the weather is cooler and more conducive to sightseeing.

Key stops on a Nile River cruise include Esna, known for its well-preserved Temple of Khnum; Edfu, home to the majestic Temple of Horus, one of the best-preserved temples in Egypt; and Kom Ombo, where the unique double temple dedicated to Sobek and Horus stands. Activities during the cruise often include guided tours of these temples, opportunities to witness traditional Egyptian village life along the riverbanks, and relaxing on deck while taking in the serene landscapes and vibrant sunsets over the Nile.

• Sunscreen: Essential to protect against the strong Egyptian sun.
• Comfortable clothing: Light, breathable fabrics are ideal for the warm climate.
• Camera: To capture the stunning scenery and historical sites.
• Reusable water bottle: Staying hydrated is crucial, especially in the heat.

Alexandria: A Blend of History and Modernity

Alexandria, founded by Alexander the Great, is Egypt’s leading port and a city steeped in historical significance. Known for its blend of ancient and modern attractions, Alexandria was once the centre of learning and culture in the Mediterranean. Its rich history is reflected in its diverse architectural styles, from ancient ruins to modern buildings. The city’s strategic location on the Mediterranean coast has made it a cultural crossroads for centuries, contributing to its unique character and historical richness.

The Alexandria Library, also known as the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, is a strikingly modern revival of the ancient Library of Alexandria, which was one of the most significant libraries of the ancient world. The modern library serves as a major cultural and educational centre, housing millions of books and offering various exhibitions, museums, and research facilities. It stands as a testament to Alexandria’s enduring legacy as a beacon of knowledge and learning.

Other key attractions in Alexandria include the Roman Amphitheatre and the Alexandria National Museum. The Roman Amphitheatre is an archaeological marvel, showcasing the city’s Roman heritage with its well-preserved terraces and stage. The Alexandria National Museum houses a vast collection of artefacts that span the city’s history from its Pharaonic origins to its Greco-Roman and Islamic periods. These sites provide visitors with a comprehensive understanding of Alexandria’s multifaceted history.

• Visit the Alexandria Library for its extensive collections and exhibitions.
• Explore the Roman Amphitheatre to appreciate Alexandria’s Roman past.
• Discover the Alexandria National Museum’s diverse artefacts.
• Walk along the Corniche for scenic views of the Mediterranean.
• Visit Fort Qaitbey, a historic fortress offering panoramic views of the sea.

Sharm El-Sheikh: Beach Resorts and Diving Spots

Sharm El-Sheikh, situated at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, is renowned for its luxurious beach resorts and pristine shorelines. This resort town has become a premier destination for travellers seeking sun, sea, and sand. The area boasts a variety of accommodations, from all-inclusive resorts to boutique hotels, catering to different tastes and budgets. The crystal-clear waters and year-round warm climate make it an ideal spot for relaxation and beach activities, drawing vacationers from all over the world.

One of the top things to do in Sharm El-Sheikh is diving, particularly in the famous Blue Hole and Ras Mohammed National Park. The Blue Hole, known for its depth and marine biodiversity, is a bucket-list destination for experienced divers. Ras Mohammed National Park, on the other hand, offers a wider array of diving experiences suitable for all skill levels. The park is home to vibrant coral reefs, exotic fish species, and even shipwrecks, providing an underwater spectacle that captivates divers and snorkellers alike.

Beyond diving, Sharm El-Sheikh offers a range of activities for families and couples. Free attractions such as the Al Mustafa Mosque and the Old Market provide cultural insights and unique shopping experiences. For those seeking romantic activities, a sunset camel ride or a dinner cruise along the coast can be enchanting. Family-friendly activities abound, including water parks, quad biking in the desert, and glass-bottom boat tours. The diverse attractions ensure that Sharm El-Sheikh has something for everyone.

• Get certified: If you’re new to diving, enrol in a certification course before attempting advanced dives.
• Check equipment: Ensure all diving gear is in good condition and fits properly.
• Stay hydrated: The warm climate can lead to dehydration, so drink plenty of water.
• Follow guidelines: Adhere to safety protocols and environmental guidelines to protect the reefs.
• Dive with a buddy: Always dive with a companion for safety reasons.

Aswan: Gateway to Nubian Culture

Aswan, located in the southern part of Egypt, serves as a significant cultural hub, particularly for Nubian heritage. The city’s strategic position on the Nile River made it a vital trade centre throughout history. Today, it offers a unique blend of ancient monuments, natural beauty, and insights into Nubian culture. Aswan’s relaxed atmosphere and picturesque scenery make it a must-visit destination for travellers interested in both history and culture.

The Abu Simbel Temples are among Aswan’s most iconic attractions. These colossal rock temples were originally carved out of mountainsides during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II and were relocated in their entirety to prevent them from being submerged by the waters of Lake Nasser, created by the construction of the Aswan High Dam. The temples are renowned for their massive statues and intricate reliefs, which depict the pharaoh’s victories and deities. Another key attraction is the Philae Temple, dedicated to the goddess Isis. This temple complex, also relocated due to the dam, is situated on Agilkia Island and is celebrated for its beautiful architecture and well-preserved hieroglyphics.

Other notable sites in Aswan include the Nubian Museum, which offers an in-depth look at the history, culture, and art of the Nubian people. The museum’s exhibits range from prehistoric artefacts to contemporary Nubian crafts. Elephantine Island is another essential stop, featuring ancient ruins and offering insights into the island’s role as a major trading post. Additionally, the Aswan Botanical Garden on Kitchener’s Island provides a lush escape with its diverse collection of exotic plants and trees from around the world. These sites collectively offer a comprehensive understanding of Aswan’s historical and cultural significance.

• Abu Simbel Temples: Relocated due to the Aswan High Dam, these temples feature colossal statues and intricate reliefs.
• Philae Temple: Dedicated to the goddess Isis, located on Agilkia Island.
• Nubian Museum: Showcases Nubian history and culture with extensive exhibits.
• Elephantine Island: Offers historical ruins and cultural insights.
• Aswan Botanical Garden: Features a diverse collection of exotic plants and trees.

The Red Sea Riviera: Hurghada and Marsa Alam

Hurghada, situated on the western shore of the Red Sea, has evolved into a major tourist destination with over 100 hotels, offering a plethora of attractions and activities. It is renowned for its vibrant coral reefs, making it a prime location for diving and snorkelling. Aside from underwater adventures, Hurghada also boasts numerous water sports such as windsurfing, kite surfing, and deep-sea fishing. The city’s bustling marina provides a lively atmosphere with a variety of dining and entertainment options, ensuring that visitors have an enriching experience both on and off the water.

Marsa Alam, located further south along the Red Sea coast, presents a more serene and tranquil alternative to the bustling Hurghada. This destination is particularly favoured by diving enthusiasts due to its relatively untouched coral reefs and diverse marine life. Key diving spots in Marsa Alam include the Elphinstone Reef, known for its steep walls and abundant shark sightings, and the Dolphin House, a popular site for encountering wild dolphins. The peaceful beaches and laid-back atmosphere make Marsa Alam an ideal retreat for those seeking relaxation and natural beauty.

• Best time to visit: October to April for cooler temperatures and optimal diving conditions.
• Accommodation: Book in advance during peak seasons to secure the best options.
• Diving certification: Ensure you have the necessary certification for advanced diving spots.
• Local cuisine: Try fresh seafood at local restaurants for an authentic taste of the Red Sea.

Final Words

From the ancient Pyramids of Giza and the mystical Sphinx to the vibrant bazaars and historical sites in Cairo, Egypt offers a diverse array of attractions. The temples and tombs in Luxor provide a deep dive into ancient Egyptian civilisation, while a Nile River cruise delivers a serene exploration of iconic landmarks. Alexandria blends historical depth with modern attractions, and Sharm El-Sheikh stands out for its beach resorts and diving spots.

Aswan highlights Nubian culture with significant sites, and the Red Sea Riviera features both bustling resorts and tranquil retreats.

When considering what to see in Egypt, each destination offers unique, unforgettable experiences.